A.I. BURNASYAN FMBC CLINICAL BULLETIN

ISSN 2782-6430 (print)

State Research Center −Burnasyan Federal Medical Biophysical
Center of Federal Medical Biological Agency

The journal is published in Russian.
Format – A4.
The periodicity of the journal is 4 times a year.

Issue №2 2025 год

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A.I. Burnasyan  FMBC clinical bulletin. 2025 № 2

A.V. Narykov, A. A.  Zavialov

Innovative Directions in the Treatment of Sarcomas

International Office, State Research Center – Burnasyan Federal Medical Biophysical Center of Federal Medical Biological Agency, Moscow, Russiа

Contact person: Narykov Anton Vadimovich: vaaanton1999@gmail.com

Abstract
Sarcomas are relatively rare and heterogeneous malignant tumors originating from mesenchymal tissues, comprising more than 70 subtypes. These tumors are highly variable in their clinical course and molecular characteristics. Sarcomas, representing only 1% of all malignancies, represent a major challenge due to their high recurrence rate, metastatic features, and resistance to conventional therapies: chemotherapy and radiation therapy. However, recent advances in the understanding of sarcoma biology have opened up new opportunities to target these tumors.

Modern advances in surgical and radiation treatment techniques have already played a significant role in improving local control of the disease and reducing recurrence rates. The latest organ-preserving surgeries conforming to the classical principles of zonality and footplate show successful results of treatment of patients, minimizing the frequency of mutilating (cosmetic and physical defects) consequences of surgical treatment. In parallel, combination strategies that combine systemic and local therapies to maximize efficacy while minimizing toxicity are being actively studied in clinical trials.

The search for sources of information was conducted in PubMed, Google Scholar. The horizon of the literature data study was 10 years. When systematizing the material, preference was given to scientific works published in the period 2018-2024.

Molecularly targeted therapies, including tyrosine kinase inhibitors and immune checkpoint inhibitors, have shown efficacy in certain sarcoma subtypes. CAR-T (chimeric antigen receptors-therapy) cell therapy, oncolytic viruses and tumor microenvironment modulators are becoming increasingly promising and accessible methods of influencing tumors, especially in cases refractory to “classical” treatment regimens.

Large-scale studies of genomic profiling capabilities allow for more precise mutation identification for each specific tumor and the development of personalized treatment strategies. Nanotherapy has emerged as a novel approach to the treatment of sarcomas, allowing the use of nanotechnology to overcome the limitations of conventional therapies. Nanoparticles improve drug delivery by targeting tumor tissues through passive mechanisms such as enhanced permeability and retention (EPR) effects, or actively through tumor-specific ligands. These transport forms increase the bioavailability of chemotherapeutic drugs and reduce systemic toxicity. In addition, active research is underway to deliver RNA therapeutic drugs using nanoparticles.

This review highlights promising advances in sarcoma therapeutics, emphasizing novel research and its potential for implementation into clinical practice. New directions include rethinking existing therapies, identifying novel biomarkers, and developing precision oncology approaches to better address the complexities of sarcoma treatment.

Keywords: sarcomas, CAR-T cell therapy, oncolytic viruses, nanotechnology, artificial intelligence

For citation: Narykov AV, Zavialov AA. Innovative Directions in the Treatment of Sarcomas. A.I. Burnasyan Federal Medical Biophysical Center Clinical Bulletin. 2025.2:65-71. (In Russian) DOI: 10.33266/2782-6430-2025-2-65-71

 

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Conflict of interest. The authors declare no conflict of interest.
Financing. The study had no sponsorship. 
Contribution. Article was prepared with equal participation of the authors.
Article received: 11.01.2025. Accepted for publication: 15.02.2025

© 2025 Scientific journal - "Clinical Bulletin of the FMBС im. A.I. Burnasyan"
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