A.I. BURNASYAN FMBC CLINICAL BULLETIN

ISSN 2782-6430 (print)

State Research Center −Burnasyan Federal Medical Biophysical
Center of Federal Medical Biological Agency

The journal is published in Russian.
Format – A4.
The periodicity of the journal is 4 times a year.

Issue №3, 2026

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A.I. Burnasyan  FMBC clinical bulletin. 2026 № 3

S.Yu. Kaushanskaya, A.E. Sarbasova, Yu.D. Udalov

Personalized Use of Cytokine Immunomodulators in Immunodeficiency Conditions of Various Etiology

International Office, State Research Center – Burnasyan Federal Medical Biophysical Center of Federal Medical Biological Agency, Moscow, Russiа

Contact person: Kaushanskaya Svetlana Yuryevna: kaushanskay78@mail.ru

 

Abstract
Purpose: to analyze current data on cytokine imbalance in the pathogenesis of immune deficiency states in malignant, autoimmune, and chronic inflammatory diseases and to evaluate the potential of immunomodulatory agents (primarily recombinant tumor necrosis factor-thymosin-α1 and aminodihydrophthalazinedione sodium) in correcting immune response.

Materials and methods: systematic review of publications from 2010 – 2025 in PubMed, Scopus, and eLibrary.ru databases. Twenty-eight sources were selected, mainly clinical and experimental studies from 2020 –2 025.

Results: dysregulation of the cytokine network (excess of pro-inflammatory or deficiency of key mediators) underlies many pathological conditions. Agents such as recombinant tumor necrosis factor-thymosin-α1 and aminodihydrophthalazinedione sodium exhibit immunomodulatory effects, normalizing TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6 production and macrophage functional activity, without direct cytotoxicity to normal cells.

Conclusions: the use of these immunomodulators may be considered as part of combination therapy in secondary immunodeficiencies.

Keywords: cytokines, immunomodulation, TNF-α, NF-κB, innate immunity, oxidative stress, thymosin-α1, sodium aminodihydrophthalazinedione, malignant neoplasms, secondary immunodeficiency

For citation: Kaushanskaya SYu, Sarbasova AE, Udalov YuD. Personalized Use of Cytokine Immunomodulators in Immunodeficiency Conditions of Various Etiology. A.I. Burnasyan Federal Medical Biophysical Center Clinical Bulletin. 2026.3:61-67. (In Russian) DOI: 10.33266/2782-6430-2026-3-61-67

 

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Conflict of interest. The authors declare no conflict of interest.
Financing. The study had no sponsorship. 
Contribution. Article was prepared with equal participation of the authors.
Article received: 27.03.2026. Accepted for publication: 18.04.20226

© 2026 Scientific journal - "Clinical Bulletin of the FMBС im. A.I. Burnasyan"
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