A.I. Burnasyan FMBC clinical bulletin. 2023 № 3
D.E.Gagloeva1,2, E.N.Misyurina1, E.I.Zhelnova1, T.N.Tolstyh1, E.R.Rogacheva2, T.A.Astrelina2
COVID19 Coronavirus Infection in Patients with Acute Myeloid Leukemia:
Literature Review and Own Experience
1GBUZ GKB no 52 DZM, Moscow, Russia
2International Office, State Research Center – Burnasyan Federal Medical Biophysical Center of Federal Medical Biological Agency, Moscow, Russiа
Contact person: Gagloeva Diana Emzarovna: gaglo-92@mail.ru
Abstract
The presented literature review presents studies, including our own, on the peculiarities of the course of coronavirus infection in patients with hematological malignancies, in particular in patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML). A modern classification of AML is presented. It has been shown that in patients with AML, the addition of coronavirus infection SARS-CoV-2 COVID-19 significantly worsens the prognosis of the patient’s life, which makes significant changes in overall survival and mortality. Factors worsening the prognosis of life in patients with AML are advanced age, comorbidities, AML out of remission, the critical course of SARS-CoV-2 COVID19, interruption of treatment without subsequent resumption. In patients with AML and SARS-CoV-2 COVID19, the most optimal treatment tactic is temporary discontinuation of the course of chemotherapy followed by resumption after the regression of the viral infection (both at the onset of the disease and when chemotherapy is already underway). If it is not possible to postpone the course of chemotherapy, treatment can and should be carried out with the provision of adequate accompanying therapy simultaneously with ethological and pathogenetic therapy for SARS-CoV-2 COVID19. Even in the presence of hematological contraindications in patients with AML, SARS-CoV-2 COVID19 treatment should be carried out in full according to clinical guidelines for the treatment of SARS-CoV-2 COVID19.
Keywords: acute myeloid leukemia, SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus infection, COVID19, survival, death rate, factors
For citation: Gagloeva DE, Misyurina EN, Zhelnova EI, Tolstyh TN, Rogacheva ER, Astrelina TA. COVID19 Coronavirus Infection in Patients with Acute Myeloid Leukemia: Literature Review and Own Experience. A.I. Burnasyan Federal Medical Biophysical Center Clinical Bulletin. 2023.3:47-54. (In Russian) DOI: 10.33266/2782-6430-2023-3-47-54
REFERENCES
1. Программное лечение заболеваний системы крови: Сборник алгоритмов диагностики и протоколов лечения заболеваний системы крови / Под ред. В.Г. Савченко. М.: Практика, 2012. 1056 с. [Programmnoye Lecheniye Zabolevaniy Sistemy Krovi: Sbornik Algoritmov Diagnostiki i Protokolov Lecheniya Zabolevaniy Sistemy Krovi = Software Treatment of Diseases of the Blood System: A Collection of Diagnostic Algorithms and Protocols for the Treatment of Diseases of the Blood System. Ed. Savchenko V.G. Moscow, Praktika Publ., 2012. 1056 p. (In Russ.)].
2. Döhner H., Estey E., Grimwade D., et al. Diagnosis and Management of AML in Adults: 2017 ELN Recommendations from an International Expert Panel. Blood. 2022;140;12:1345-1377. doi: 10.1182/blood.2022016867.
3. Marchesi F., Salmanton-García J., al. COVID-19 in Adult Acute Myeloid Leukemia Patients: a Long-Term Follow-Up Study from the European Hematology Association Survey (EPICOVIDEHA). Haematologica. 2023;108;1:22-33. doi: 10.3324/haematol.2022.280847.
4. Толстых Т.Н., Барях Е.А., Гаглоева Д.Э., Мисюрина Е.Н., Желнова Е.И. Особенности ведения пациентов коронавирусной инфекцией и острым миелоидным лейкозом // Гематология и трансфузиология. 2023. Т.68, № 2. С. 53. [Tolstykh T.N., Baryakh E.A., Gagloyeva D.E., Misyurina E.N., Zhelnova E.I. Features of Management of Patients with Coronavirus Infection and Acute Myeloid Leukemia. Gematologiya i Transfuziologiya = Russian Journal of Hematology and Transfusiology. 2023;68;2:53 (In Russ.)].
5. Zakurdaeva K., Gavrilina O.A., et al. COVID-19 and Hematologic Diseases: Risk Factors and Long-Term Follow-up of CHRONOS19 Registry. Journal of Clinical Oncology. 2021;39;15_suppl. doi: 10.1200/JCO.2021.39.15_suppl.e18715.
6. Pagano L., Salmanton-García J., Marchesi F., Busca A., Corradini P., et al. COVID-19 Infection in Adult Patients with Hematological Malignancies: a European Hematology Association Survey (EPICOVIDEHA). Journal of Hematology & Oncology. 2021;14:168.
7. Palanques-Pastor T., Megías-Vericat J.E., Martínez P. Characteristics, Clinical Outcomes, and Risk Factors of SARS-COV-2 Infection in Adult Acute Myeloid Leukemia Patients: Experience of the PETHEMA Group. Leuk. Lymphoma. 2021;62;12:2928-2938. doi: 10.1080/10428194.2021.1948031.
8. Fagundes E.M., Neto N.N., Caldas L.M. Mortality by COVID-19 in Adults with Acute Myeloid Leukemia: A Survey with Hematologists in Brazil. Ann. Hematol. 2021;101;4:923-925. doi: 10.1007/s00277-021-04659-w.
9. Ghandili S., Pfefferle S., Roedl K. Challenges in Treatment of Patients with Acute Leukemia and COVID-19: A Series of 12 Patients. Blood. Adv. 2020;4:23:5936-5941. doi: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2020002543.
10. Taurino D., Frigeni M., Grassi A. Concurrent Diagnosis of Acute Myeloid Leukemia and Symptomatic COVID-19 Infection: a Case Report Successfully Treated with Azacitidine-Venetoclax Combination. Mediterr. J. Hematol Infect. Dis. 2021;13;1:e2021057. doi: 10.4084/MJHID.2021.057.
11. Ferrara F., Zappasodi P., Roncoroni E., Borlenghi E., Rossi G. Impact of COVID-19 on the Treatment of Acute Myeloid Leukemia. Leukemia. 2020;34;8:2254-2256. doi: 10.1038/s41375-020-0925-7.
12. Núñez-Torrón C., García-Gutiérrez V., Tenorio-Núñez M.C., Moreno-Jiménez G., López-Jiménez F.J., Herrera-Puente P. Poor Outcome in Patients with Acute Leukemia on Intensive Chemotherapy and COVID-19. Bone Marrow Transplant. 2021;56;1:267-269. doi: 10.1016/j.clml.2021.01.004.
13. Singh S., Singh J., Paul D., Jain K. Treatment of Acute Leukemia During COVID-19: Focused Review of Evidence. Clin. Lymphoma Myeloma Leuk. 2021;21;5:289-294. doi: 10.1016/j.clml.2021.01.004.
14. Demichelis-Gómez R., Alvarado-Ibarra M., Vasquez-Chávez J. Treating Acute Leukemia During the COVID-19 Pandemic in an Environment with Limited Resources: A Multicenter Experience in four Latin American Countries. JCO Glob Oncol. 2021;7:577-584. doi: 10.1200/GO.20.00620.
15. Buyuktas D., Acar K., Sucak G. COVID-19 Infection in Patients with Acute Leukemia: Istanbul Experience. Al. J. Blood Res. 2021;11;4:427-437.URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34540352/.
16. Raza A., Assal A., Ali A.M., Jurcic J.G. Rewriting the Rules for Care of MDS and AML Patients in the Time of COVID-19. Leuk. Res. Rep. 2020;13:100201. doi:10.1016/j.lrr.2020.100201.
17. Yarza R., Bover M., Paredes D. SARS-CoV-2 Infection in Cancer Patients Undergoing Active Treatment: Analysis of Clinical Features and Predictive Factors for Severe Respiratory Failure and Death. Eur. J. Cancer. 2020:135:242-250. doi: 10.1016/j.ejca.2020.06.001.
18. Ljungman P., de la Camara R., Mikulska M. COVID-19 and Stem Cell Transplantation; Results from an EBMT and GETH Multicenter Prospective Survey. Leukemia. 2021;35;10:2885-2894. doi: 10.1038/s41375-021-01302-5.
19. Piñana J.L., Martino R., García-García I. Risk Factors and Outcome of COVID-19 in Patients with Hematological Malignancies. Exp. Hematol. Oncol. 2020;9;21. doi:10.1186/s40164-020-00177-z.
20. Stahl M., Narendra V., Jee J. Neutropenia in Adult Acute Myeloid Leukemia Patients Represents a Powerful Risk Fa Ctor for COVID-19 Related Mortality. Leuk. Lymphoma. 2021;62;8:1940-1948. doi:10.1080/10428194.2021.1885664.
Conflict of interest. The authors declare no conflict of interest.
Financing. The study had no sponsorship.
Contribution. Article was prepared with equal participation of the authors.
Article received: 15.07.2023. Accepted for publication: 18.08.2023