A.I. BURNASYAN FMBC CLINICAL BULLETIN

ISSN 2782-6430 (print)

State Research Center −Burnasyan Federal Medical Biophysical
Center of Federal Medical Biological Agency

The journal is published in Russian.
Format – A4.
The periodicity of the journal is 4 times a year.

Issue №3, 2026

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A.I. Burnasyan  FMBC clinical bulletin. 2026 № 3

S.Yu. Kaushanskaya, V.I. Arkhipova, A.E. Sarbasova

Screening for Precancerous Conditions and Cervical Cancer
(Literature Review)

International Office, State Research Center – Burnasyan Federal Medical Biophysical Center of Federal Medical Biological Agency, Moscow, Russiа

Contact person: Kaushanskaya Svetlana Yuryevna: kaushanskay78@mail.ru

 

Abstract
Modern cervical cancer screening programs have increased the detection rates of pathological changes, which has contributed to a downward trend in overall morbidity and mortality in the population. Understanding the purpose and methods of diagnosing precancerous pathological changes of the cervix, as well as the current issues of screening in different countries, enables primary care physicians to improve their performance indicators and, consequently, the detection of diseases at early stages. This review presents an analysis of literature data on the morphological characteristics and screening methods for precancerous lesions and cervical cancer.

Background: cervical cancer (CC) remains a major global health issue, with over 600,000 new cases annually worldwide, including 16,355 in Russia in 2023. The review focuses on screening strategies for precancerous lesions (CIN 1 – 3) and CC to reduce morbidity and mortality.

Methods: a systematic literature search was conducted in PubMed, Scopus, eLibrary.ru, and WHO databases using keywords like “cervical cancer screening” and “precancerous cervical lesions”. 24 publications from 2019 to 2025 were included, based on the following criteria: original research, recommendations, and meta-analyses focusing on the effectiveness of methods. Data management used EndNote; aggregation and weighted averages for sensitivity/specificity were calculated in Excel (p<0.05 threshold).

Results: WHO (2025) recommends high-performance testing (HPV-DNA) every 5 – 10 years starting at age 30, reducing incidence by 70 – 90%; for HIV+ women–every 3 years. USPSTF (2024) suggests cytology every 3 years for ages 21 – 29 and HPV testing every 5 years for 30+. In Russia (Kaprin et al., 2025), gynecological exams and cytology detect 32.6% late-stage cases; HPV integration boosts CIN detection by 25%. Self-collection for HPV increases coverage by 15 – 20%. Efficacy: HPV test sensitivity 95%, specificity 89%; vaccination reduces risk by 88%.

Application: findings apply to clinical protocols for high-risk groups (HIV+, smokers) and developing combined testing patents.

Conclusions: prioritizing HPV testing in screening detects precancer early; Russia needs 80% coverage.

Keywords: screening, cervical cancer, precancerous conditions, cervical intraepithelial neoplasia, HPV testing, cytology, vaccination prevention

For citation: Kaushanskaya SYu, Arkhipova VI, Sarbasova AE. Screening for Precancerous Conditions and Cervical Cancer (Literature Review). A.I. Burnasyan Federal Medical Biophysical Center Clinical Bulletin. 2026.3:68-75. (In Russian) DOI: 10.33266/2782-6430-2026-3-68-75

 

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Conflict of interest. The authors declare no conflict of interest.
Financing. The study had no sponsorship. 
Contribution. Article was prepared with equal participation of the authors.
Article received: 07.04.2026. Accepted for publication: 06.05.20226

© 2026 Scientific journal - "Clinical Bulletin of the FMBС im. A.I. Burnasyan"
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